Quote:
(d) Aeronautical experience. A person who applies for an instrument rating must have logged the following:
(1) At least 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which at least 10 hours must be in airplanes for an instrument—airplane rating; and
(2) A total of 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument time on the areas of operation of this section, to include—
(i) At least 15 hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in the aircraft category for which the instrument rating is sought;
(ii) At least 3 hours of instrument training that is appropriate to the instrument rating sought from an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the 60 days preceding the date of the test;
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This is my interpretation: You need at least 15 hours of instrument instruction with a "authorized instructor", which means a CFII. You also need 40 hours of instrument time. That 40 hours does not need to be from a instructor of any kind. As long as you're flying the plane under the hood, it counts.
As far as the instructor logging it... As long as the instructor is a CFI and is giving instruction, he can log it as dual given and the student can log it as dual received. If the instructor doesn't have the II endorsement, that time can't count towards the 15 hour requirement, but it can still be logged in general and be used towards some other certificate or rating.