[tgrayson]

By the way, for the skeptics, here's an excerpt from AC23-19, AIRFRAME GUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF PART 23 AIRPLANES. This AC never made it out of draft mode, so you probably will have a hard time finding a copy of it:

(c) The design maneuvering speed is a value chosen by the applicant. It may not be less than Vs sqrt(n) and need not be greater than Vc, but could be greater if the applicant chose the higher value. The loads resulting from full control surface deflections at VA are used to design the empennage and ailerons in 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.423, 23.441, and 23.455.
VA should not be interpreted as a speed that would permit the pilot unrestricted flight-control movement without exceeding airplane structural limits nor should it be interpreted as a gust penetration speed. Only if VA = Vs sqrt(n), will the airplane stall in a nose-up pitching maneuver at, or near, limit load factor. For maneuvers where VA>VS sqrt(n), the pilot would have to check the maneuver; otherwise the airplane would exceed the limit load factor.
Amendment 23-45 added the operating maneuvering speed, VO in § 23.1507. VO is established not greater than VS sqrt(n), and is a speed where the airplane will stall in a nose-up pitching maneuver before exceeding the airplane structural limits.